WPC^ 2B RV#|V}chead1g 1heading 13:3ɾ#2p}wC ##o\  PC+XP#chaptheadChapter?@W'O X D#2p}wC9##o\  PC+XP#2 Lhead2g 2Heading 23;3f#2p}wC 9## o\  PC+XP#headAChapter headingIg0  X -#2p}wC ## o\  PC+XP#head3g 3heading 300#:x2p}wCiX##o\  PC+XP#head4g 4heading 43l3,E#:s2PkCXXP##o\  PC+XP#2<v p3 kquoteslong quotesb'Xa8DocumentgDocument Style StyleXX` `  ` a4DocumentgDocument Style Style  . a6DocumentgDocument Style Style GX  2m k@  vPa5DocumentgDocument Style Style }X(# a2DocumentgDocument Style Style <o   ?  A.  a7DocumentgDocument Style Style yXX` ` (#` a3DocumentgDocument Style StyleB b  ?  1.  2  tk  y a1DocumentgDocument Style StyleXqq   l ^) I. ׃  BibliogrphyBibliography:X (# a1Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers:`S@ I.  X(# a2Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersC @` A. ` ` (#` 26N   na3Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersL! ` ` @P 1. ` `  (# a4Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersUj` `  @ a. ` (# a5Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers_o` `  @h(1)  hh#(#h a6Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbersh` `  hh#@$(a) hh#((# 2h8a7Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumberspfJ` `  hh#(@*i) (h-(# a8Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersyW"3!` `  hh#(-@p/a) -pp2(#p Tech InitInitialise Technical Style. k I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a) 1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Technicala5TechnicalTechnical Document Style)WD (1) . 2LQa6TechnicalTechnical Document Style)D (a) . a2TechnicalTechnical Document Style<6  ?  A.   a3TechnicalTechnical Document Style9Wg  2  1.   a4TechnicalTechnical Document Style8bv{ 2  a.   2O~ @!"La1TechnicalTechnical Document StyleF!<  ?  I.   a7TechnicalTechnical Document Style (@D i) . a8TechnicalTechnical Document Style!(D a) . PleadingHeader for numbered pleading paper"P@n   $] X X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:],5,,YYYYYYYYYY55]]]bttttkb|t,Ytbt|k|tkbtkkkb5,5]Y,YbYbY5bb,,Y,bbbb>Y5bY|YYP>->]5,555555555555b,tYtYtYtYtYtYkYkYkYkY,,,,,,,,tb|b|b|b|btbtbtbtbkYtYtb|b|bkYtbkbtYtYtYtYtYtYtYtbkYkYkYkY|b|b|b|b|b|btbtb,,,,,,,,YtYb,b,b,b,b,tbtbtbtb|b|bt>t>t>kYkYkYkYb5b5b5tbtbtbtbtbtb|kYbPbPbPtbb,tbt>kYb5kYkYtb|btbN8,YY5bYYYYY;:Y5vvY5&PPY55YYbb,P52~) Z"s"&'IBM 4039 Lexmark Network PS LaserI4LASEPS.PRSo\  PChhhhYXPUSUK  X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:@  U Table 1  Table 1  U 1  1  1  1  3'3'Standard6&A46&A4LaserI4LASEPS.PRSo\ } "m^;Geww;GGS};G;;wwwwwwwwwwGG}}}К;wɎG;G}w;wwwG;;w;SwGwwwkSd<d<$YYdCCddooCY"m^2CTddCCCd2C28ddddddddddCCdzzzzCYozzdozzooN8NTdCddYdY8dd88Y8ddddNN8dYYYNP7PlC2CC!CCCCCCCCCCd8zdzdzdzdzdYzYzYzYzYC8C8C8C8dddddddddoYzddddoYdzdzdzdzdYYYYdzYzYzYzYddddddddC8C8C8C8YYo8o8o8o8o8ddddddzNzNzNdNdNdNdNo8o8o8ddddddoYoNoNoNdo8dzNdNo8oYoYdddNF2idNdddddd7>d<d<+oodCCddddCo<чnn8!BBnnnyyP7c1RyyXyycnnnѐ~nyRzczXzcyhCBnndhcnnonvyXzXshn~XyBBnss~|y~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~XXXXXXXyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyBBBBBBBBBBBBnnnnnnnsssssssssssszCCn"m^ANoϨANN[ANAANN䨨A¨ܜNANANAAAϏ[Nu[A[NANN'NNNNNNNNNNAϨAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAܨ[[[NNNܶuuuA[NNRANVUÂNN8uuNNAuN"m^4>Xhh4>>Im4>44hhhhhhhhhh>>mmmr}r4hr}}r}}}r>4>mh4hrhrh>rr44h4rrrrIh>rhhh]I4Im>4>>>>>>>>>>>>r4hhhhhh}h}h}h}h44444444rrrrrrrrr}hhrrr}hr}rhhhhhhhr}h}h}h}hrrrrrrrr44444444hhr4r4r4r4r4rrrrrrIII}h}h}h}hr>r>r>rrrrrr}hr]r]r]rr4rI}hr>}h}hrrrNA4hh>rhhhhhEDh>h>,]]h>>hhrr4]>"m^8C_oo8CCNu8C88ooooooooooCCuuuzÐz8ozzzC8Cuo8ozozoCzz88o8zzzzNoCzooodN8NuC8CC!CCCCCCCCCCz8oooooȲooooo88888888zzzzzzzzzoozzzozzooooooozoooozzzzzzzz88888888ooz8z8z8z8z8zzzzzzȽNNNoooozCzCzCzzzzzzozdzdzdzz8zNozCoozzzNF8ooCzoooooJIoCoC0ddoCCoozz8dC2K c@ c|CcF BJ"m^(5APP|555PZ(5(,PPPPPPPPPP,,ZZZGtkktbYtt5>tbttYtkYbttttb5,5KP5GPGPG5PP,,P,|PPPP5>,PPtPPGM MW5(555555555555P,tGtGtGtGtGkkGbGbGbGbG5,5,5,5,tPtPtPtPtPtPtPtPtPtPtGtPtPtPtPtPYPtGtGtGkGkGkGkGtPbGbGbGbGtPtPtPtPtPtPtPtP5,5,5,5,>tPb,b,b,b,b,tPtPtPtPtPtPtk5k5k5Y>Y>Y>Y>b,b,b,tPtPtPtPtPtPttPbGbGbGtPb,tPk5Y>b,tPtPtPtPtPN8(HP5GPPPPP,2xxP0zzPx0GGP55PPYY5G0ZZXXr,Z55XXXr{rrZ``@Z,rO(Bn``{rrrrF{{{``iOXXXrrrtekX`BbObFbOt`wS55tXnXPtSgOtX{XYX_`FbFn\zStXn{neF`55X\\nec`reeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeFFFFFFF````````````````````555555555555XXXXXXX\\\\\\\\\\\\nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnntbt5tn{5nX"m^2CRddCCCdq2C28dddddddddd88qqqYzoCNzoozzC8C^dCtkktbYtt5>tbttYtkYbttttb`(`lC2CC!CCCCCCCCCCd8YYYYYYzYzYzYzYC8C8C8C8ddddddddddYdddddodYYYYYYYdzYzYzYzYddddddddC8C8C8C8Ndz8z8z8z8z8ddddddCCCoNoNoNoNz8z8z8dddddddzYzYzYdz8dCoNz8dddddNF2[dCYddddd7>d<d<$YYdCCddooCYYJ  2p}wC 1G; `2p}wC>YJ  2p}wC 4 5nC2Ӯn*f9 xCXX6NA 92p}wC,p>4 Ip2p}wC06NA 92p}wCzt,Y5( gY\  PCP 7oC2+o\  PCXP /xC8 i:x2p}wCX /xC8.&:x2x4vCX7tC2E?t4  p(ACX6pC2Vkp9 xICXDXC' nTMC2PkC^Pz&`5,  )`2p}wC /xC8 i:x2p}wCX YF'  MF2p}wC^Dq%V2*n䡬V2PkCPs#Z2* -Z2p}wCq%V2*x=V2x(CX"m^**5SSd!22:X*2**SSSSSSSSSS**XXXSddlld\ul*KdS}luduld\lddd\***FS!SSKSS*SS!!K!}SSSS2K*SKlKKK2'2X2*222222222222\*dSdSdSdSdSlKdSdSdSdS********lSuSuSuSuSlSlSlSlSdKdSlSu\uSdKlSdSdSdSdSlKlKlKlKlSdSdSdSdSuSuSuSuSuSuSlSlS*****!**KdKS!S!S!S!S!lSlSlSlSuSuSl2l2l2dKdKdKdK\*\*\*lSlSlSlSlSlSldK\K\K\KlSS!lSl2dK\*dKdKlSuSlSN5*QS2\SSSSS87}}S2ooS}222S22SSKK!22ABSHER, J.D. & LEE, R.G., 1981. Density as an Incomplete Cause of Crowding in  X Backcountry Settings. Leisure Sciences 4(3):231247. ADELMAN, B.J., HEBERLEIN, T.A. & BONNICKSON, T.M., 1982. Social Psychological Explanations for the Persistance of a Conflict between Paddling Canoeists and Motorcraft Users  X in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area. Leisure Sciences 5(1):4561. AJZEN, I. & DRIVER, B.L., 1992. Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to Leisure  XL Choice. Journal of Leisure Research, 24(3):207224.  X AJZEN, I., 1991. The Theory of Planned Behaviour. Organisational Behaviour and Human  X Decision Processes 50:179211.  X ANDERSON, D. H. & P.J. BROWN. 1984. The displacement process in recreation. Journal of  X Leisure Research 5(1):6173.  X AXELROD, R., 1984. The Evolution of Cooperation. Penguin Books, London, U.K.  Xr BABBIE, E., 1989. The Practice of Social Research. Wadsworth Publishing Company, California, U.S.A., 5th Edition.  X/ BAKER, N., 1990. "Mountain Bike Management: a Tale of Three Cities." Western Wildlands Fall: 3639.  X Banks Peninsula Times 10th March, 1992. Errant Bikes Raise Ire of Landowners. P.4. BARKER, R.M., 1989. Tramping and Specialisation Theory. Trampers and guided walkers in the Greenstone Valley. Unpublished Masters of Applied Science Thesis, Lincoln UniversityCollege, Canterbury.  Xd BARNES, B., 1992. Status Groups and Collective Action. Sociology 26(2):259270.  X8 BELENKY, M.F., CLINCHY, B.M., GOLDBERGER, N.R. & TARULE, J.M., 1986. Women's  X# Ways of Knowing: Development of Self, Voice and Mind. Basic Books, U.S.A.  X BELL, K. 1991. hearing voices: a feminist approach. New Zealand Journal of Geography 92:45.  X! BERCOVITCH, J., 1984. Social Conflicts and Third Parties: Strategies of Conflict Resolution,   V" Westview Press, Colorado. BERNO, T., 1995. CrossCultural Research Methods: Content or Context? A Cook Islands  Xq% Case Study. In R. Butler (ed.) Tourism and Indigenous Peoples, (In Press).  XE' BLUMENTHAL, T., 1990. S.O.S.: Save our Sport Through Activism and Education. Bicycling May:108111. BRITTON, S., 1991. Tourism, Capital and Place: towards a Critical Geography of Tourism.  X* Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 9:451478. BROMLEY, D.W., 1992. The Commons, Property, and Common Property Regimes. In  X- Bromley, D.W. (ed.), Making the Commons Work: Theory Practice and Policy, ICS Press, San-n/n/n/ Francisco, p.315.  X BROWN, R., 1988. Group Processes: Dynamics within and between Groups. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, U.K. BRUNSON, M.W., & SHELBY, B., 1993. Recreation Substitutability: a Research Agenda.  Xx Leisure Sciences 15:6774.  XL BRYAN, H. 1979. Conflict in the Great Outdoors: toward understanding and managing for  X7 diverse sportsman preferences. Birmingham, Alabama: Bureau of Public Administration, University of Alabama. BRYAN, H., 1977. Leisure Value Systems and Recreation Specialization: the case of Trout  X Fishermen, Journal of Leisure Research 9:174187.  X BURCH, W.R. JR, 1969. The Social Circles of Leisure Competing Explanations. Journal of  X Leisure Research 1(2):125145.  Xp BURY, R.L., S.M. HOLLAND, D.N. MCEWEN, 1983. Analysing Recreational Conflict. Journal  X[ of Soil and Water Conservation 38:401403. BUTLER, R.W., 1982. The Development of Snowmobiles in Canada. In Wall, G. & Marsh,  X J.S.(eds), Recreational Land Use: Perspectives on its Evolution in Canada. Carlton Library Series, Carleton University Press, Ottawa, Canada, pp365390.  X BUTLER, R.W., 1974. How to Control 1,000,000 Snowmobiles? Canadian Geographical  X Journal 88:413.  X CANTERBURY UNITED COUNCIL, 1986. Port Hills Recreation Study. Vol. 1: Summary and Conclusions, Report No. 378, September, 1986. CESSFORD, G.R. 1987, Recreation in the Greenstone and Caples Valleys: for whom and how?  X: Unpublished M Appl.Sc. Thesis. Lincoln College; University of Canterbury. (impacts)  X CHAFETZ, J.S., 1988.  Feminist Sociology: an Overview of Contemporary Theories. F.E. Peacock Publishers, Inc., Illinois. CHAVEZ, D.J., WINTER, P.L. & BAAS, J.M., 1993. Recreational MountainBiking: A  X" Management Perspective. Journal of Parks and Recreation Administration 11(3):2936.  X$ COELLO, D., 1989. Vicious Cycles? Sierra, May/ June:5054. COLLINS, R., 1990. Conflict Theory and the Advance of Macro Historical Sociology. In G.  XE' Ritzer (ed.), Frontiers of Social Theory: the New Syntheses, Columbia University Press, New York, U.S.A.  X* COUGHLIN, D.P., 1994. Recreation Resource Conflict, Utilisation and Allocation. Unpublished Dissertation submitted in part fulfillment of PostGraduate Diploma in Tourism, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.  X- CRAIB, I., 1984. Modern Social Theory: From Parsons to Habermas. Harvester Press, Great-n/n/n/ Britain.  X CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M., 1985. Beyond Boredom and Anxiety, JosseyBass, London, U.K. CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M., 1988. The Flow Experience and its Significance for Human  X Psychology. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I.S Csikzentmihalyi (eds.) Optimal Experience:  Xz Psychological Studies of Flow in Consciousness, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp1535.  X7 CUBIT, S., 1990. Horse Riding in National Parks: some Critical Issues. Australian Parks and  X" Recreation 26(4):3941. CUSHMAN, G.J., MOORE, K. & SIMMONS, D.G., 1994. Conceptualising Tourism and Leisure. ??  X DENZIN, N.K., 1989. The Research Act: a Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 3rd Edition. DEVALL, B. & HARRY, J., 1981. Who Hates Whom in the Great Outdoors: the Impact of  XW Recreational Speicalisation and Technologies of Play. Leisure Sciences 4(4)399418. DEVLIN, P.J., 1993. Outdoor Recreation and Environment: Towards an understanding of the  X Use of the Outdoors in New Zealand. In H. Perkins and G. Cushman (eds.), Leisure Recreation  X and Tourism, Longman Paul, Auckland, New Zealand. DEVLIN, P.J. & O'CONNOR, K.F., 1988. Exploring relationships of recreation users, impacts  X and management. In In B. Craig (ed) Environmental Monitoring in NZ with emphasis on  X Protected Natural areas. Proceedings of a Symposium, Dunedin, May 1988. Department of Conservation, Wellington, N.Z. DIETERICH, M.M., (Undated, c.1992). U.S.A.: "Have a Nice Day". The Ultimate Ride Guide Special Editon from the Publishers of Mountain Biker. DITTON, R.B., FEDLER, A.J. & GRAEFE, A.R., 1983. Factors Contributing to Perceptions of  X Recreational Crowding. Leisure Sciences 5(4):273288. DRIVER, B.L., BROWN, P.J., STANKEY, G.H. & GREGOIRE, T.G., 1987. The ROS Planning  X! System: Evolution, Basic Concepts, and Research Needed. Leisure Sciences, 9:209212. DRIVER, B.L. & TOCHER, R.C., 1970. Toward a Behavioural Interpretation of Recreational  X$ Engagements, with Implications for Planning. In B.L. Driver (ed.) Elements of Outdoor  Xm% Recreation Planning, Ann Arbor, Michigan. DRIVER, B.L. & BASSETT, J.R., 1975. Defining Conflicts Among River Users: a Case Study  X*( of Michigan's Au Sable River, Naturalist 26(1):1923.  X) Dunedin Star Midweek, Wednesday 27th May, 1992. "Problems with Mountain Bikes".  X+ DUNN, D.R., 1970. Motorized Recreation Vehicles. Parks and Recreation, 5(7):1014 & 4652.  X- DUNN, D.R., 1980. Future Leisure Resources. In T.L. Goodale & P.A. Witt (eds.) Recreation-n/n/n/  X and Leisure: Issues in an Era of Change, Venture Publishing, State College, Pennsylvania, p.115124.  X DUSTIN, D.L., MCAVOY, L., 1984. "The Limitation of the Traffic Light." Journal of Parks  X and Recreation Administration 2:2832. ELLIS, G.D., & WITT, P.A., 1991. Conceptualization and Measurement of Leisure: Making the  Xe Abstract Concrete. In T.L. Goodale & P.A. Witt, Recreation and Leisure: Issues in an Era of  XP Change, Venture Publishing Inc., State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., p.377395.  X$ EYLES, J., 1985. Sense of Place. Silverbrook Press, Cheshire. FELDMAN, B., 1988. Hikers vs. Bikers: the Sierra Club Revises its MountainBike Policy.  X Mountain Bike, October: 2528.  X FESTINGER, L., 1962. Cognitive Dissonance. In Science, Conflict and Society: Readings from  X Scientific American, (with introduction from Garrett Hardin). W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1969.  X] FINK, C.F., 1968. Some Conceptual Difficulties in the Theory of Social Conflict. Journal of  XH Conflict Resolution 12:412460.  X FYFFE, L., 1992. On the Ascent. Sport and Leisure 32:p.6,2021.  X Getting Into Gear: Mountain Biking in Colorado, Proceedings of a Statewide Symposium, Sept. 14th, 1990, Tamarran Resort, Durango, Colorado.  X GIDDENS, A., 1984.  The Constitution of Society. Polity Press, Cambridge, U.K.  X GLASER, B.G. & STRAUSS, A.L., 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for  Xl Qualitative Research. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London.  X@ GLEICK, J., 1987. Chaos: Making a New Science. Viking, New York.  X GODBEY, G., 1985. Leisure in Your Life: an Exploration. Venture Publishing, Inc., State College, Pennsylvania, 2nd Edition.  X! GOODALE, T & G. GODBEY, 1988. The Evolution of Leisure: History and Philosophical  X" Perspectives. Venture Publishing Inc., State College, PA. GRAMANN, J.H. BURDGE, R.J., 1981. The Effect of Recreation Goal on Conflict Perception:  Xy% the Case of Water Skiers and Fishermen. Journal of Leisure Research 13(1):1527.  XM' GRAY, A., 1981. Why Teenage Girls Abandon Physical Activity. In Papers and Reports from  X8( the 1981 Conference on Women and Recreation 31/8 to 3/9, 1981. New Zealand Council for Recreation and Sport, Wellington, New Zealand. HAGGARD, L.M. & WILLIAMS, D.R., 1991. Self Identity Benefits of Leisure Activities. In  X+ B.L.Driver, P.J. Brown & G.L. Peterson (eds), Benefits of Leisure, Venture Publishing Company, State College, Pennsylvania. pp.103119. -n/n/n/Ԍ X HAMMITT, W.E., 1988. The Spectrum of Conflict in Outdoor Recreation. In Outdoor  X Recreation Benchmark, Proceedings of a National Outdoor Recreation Forum, USDA Forest Service S.E. Forest Experiment Station, General Technical Report SE52, Tampa, Florida.  X HARDIN, G. 1968. Tragedy of the Commons.  Science 162:12431248. HENDERSON, K.A., 1990. Reality Comes Through a Prism: Method Choices in Leisure  Xe Research. Society and Leisure 13(1):169188. HEYWOOD, J.L., 1993. "Game Theory: a Basis for Analysing Emerging Norms and  X" Conventions in Outdoor Recreation." Leisure Sciences 15:3748. HILLARY COMMISSION, 1992. Notes from the MountainBike Workshop held at the Hillary Commission on Thursday 5th March, 1992, Wellington. HISLOP, B., 1989. Commercial Activity and Management of Prime Protected Natural Area. In  X D.A. Norton, Management of New Zealand's Natural Estate, Proceedings of a Symposium of the New Zealand Ecological Society held at the University of Otago, Dunedin 2225th August, 1988, New Zealand Ecological Society Occasional Publication No. 1, 1989, p.5455.  X@ ISOAHOLA, S.E., 1986. A Theory of Substitutability of Leisure Behaviour. Leisure Sciences 8:367389. ISOAHOLA, S.E. & MANNELL, R.C., 1985. Social and Psychological Constraints on Leisure.  X In Wade, M.G. (Ed.), Constraints on Leisure. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois. IVY, M.I., STEWART, W.P. & LUE, C., 1992. Exploring the Role of Tolerance in  X Recreational Conflict. Journal of Leisure Research 24(4):348360. JACKSON, E.L., 1987. Outdoor Recreation Participation and Views on Resource Development  X` and Preservation. Leisure Sciences 9(4):235250. JACKSON, E. 1989. Perceptions and Decisions. In G. Wall (ed) Outdoor Recreation in Canada. John Wiley and Sons, Canada. JACKSON, E.L. & WONG, R.A.G., 1982. Perceived Conflict between Urban CrossCountry  X Skiers and Snowmobilers in Alberta. Journal of Leisure Research, 14(1):4762. JACOB, G.R. & R. SCHREYER, 1980. Conflict in Outdoor Recreation: A Theoretical  X# Perspective. Journal of Leisure Research 12:368380. JACOBY, J., 1990. Mountain Bikes: a New Dilemma for Wildland Recreation Managers?  XR& Western Wildlands Spring: 2528.  X&( JAMESON, F., 1984. Postmodenism, or the Cultural Logic of Capitalism. New Left Review 146:5393.  X* KELLER, K., 1990. MountainBikes on Public Lands: a Manager's Guide to the State of  X+ Practice. Bicycle Federation of America, Washington DC.  X- KELLY, J.R., 1991. Sources of Leisure Styles. In T.L. Goodale and P.A. Witt, Recreation and-n/n/n/  X Leisure: Issues in an Era of Change, Venture Publishing Inc., State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., 3rd Edition, p.201212.  X KELLY, J., 1990. Leisure. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, U.S.A., 2nd Edition.  X KENNETT, P., KENNETT, S., & KENNETT, J., 1993. Classic MountainBike Rides. Kennett Brothers, Wellington, New Zealand.  XN KITA, J., 1986. In the Outback. Bicycling, March, 1986:6977. KNOPP, T.B. & TYGER, J.D., 1973. Study of Conflict in Recreational Land Use:  X Snowmobiling versus Skiing. Journal of Leisure Research 5(3):617.  X KREISBERG, L. 1973. The Sociology of Social Conflicts. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.  X LANDIS, J.R., 1992. Sociology: conscepts and Characteristics, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California, 8th edition.  Xp LANGER, E.J., 1991. Mindfulness: Choice and Control in Everyday Life. CollinsHarvill, London, U.K.. LEE, R.G., 1972. The Social Definition of Outdoor Recreational Places. In W.R. Burch and  X N.H.Cheek & L. Taylor (eds.), Social Behaviour, Natural Resources and the Environment. Harper and Rowe, NY, 6874. LILLI, W. & REHM, J., 1988. Judgemental Processes as Bases of Intergroup Conflict. In W.  X Stroebe, A. Kruglanski, D. Bartal and M Hewstone (eds.), The Social Psychology of Intergroup  X Conflict: Theory, Research and Applications. SpringerVerlag, Berlin, p2945.  X{ LOFLAND, J. & LOFLAND, L.H., 1984. Analyzing Social Settings: a Guide to Qualitative  Xf Observation and Analysis. Wadsworth Publishing Co., Belmont, California, 2nd Edition.  X: LYNCH, P., 1991. Girls and Outdoor Education. Unpublished M. Ed. thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin.  X MANNING, R.E. 1986. Studies in Outdoor Recreation. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon.  X" MCKERROW, B., 1989. Environmental Issues Mind Over Matter? Adventure Supplement July/August:9. MEYER, A., 1985. This Bike Can go Anywhere: That's What Worries Wilderness Lovers,  XZ& National Parks, May/ June: 1213.  X.( MITCHELL, G.D. (Ed.), 1968. A Dictionary of Sociology. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London. MOORE, R.L., & GRAEFE, A.R., 1994. Attachments to Recreation Settings: The Case of Rail X* Trail Users. Leisure Sciences 16:1731.  X, MOORHEAD, & GRIFFIN 1989. Organisational Behaviour. Houghton Mifflin Publishing, Boston.-n/n/n/Ԍ X ԙMULGAN, R., 1994. Politics in New Zealand. Auckland University Press, Auckland, New Zealand. MULLEN, B., 1985. Introduction: the Study of Group Behaviour. In Mullen, B. & Goethals,  X G.R., Theories of Group Behaviour, SpringerVerlag, New York, p.120. NIELSEN, J.M., B. SHELBY & J.E.HAAS. 1977. Sociological Carrying capacity capacity and  Xc the last settler syndrome. Pacific Sociological Review 20(4)568581. PHOTOCOPY  X7 OSKAMP, S., 1977. Attitudes and Opinions. PrenticeHall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. OWENS, P.L., 1985. Conflict as a Social Interaction Process in Environment and Behaviour Research: the Example of Leisure and Recreation Research. Journal of Environmental Psychology 5:243259.  X PARKER, S.R., 1971. The Future of Leisure and Work. MacGibbon and Kee, London, U.K. PERKINS, H.C., 1988. The Country and the Town: the Role of Real Estate Developers in the  Xl Construction of the Meaning of Place. Journal of Rural Studies 5(1):6174.  X@ PERSIG, R., 1974. Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. Corgi Books ??  X PRIESMEYER, H.R., 1992. Organisations and Chaos: Defining the Methods of NonLinear  X Management. Quorum Books, Westport, Connecticut. PRYOR, J.B. & OSTROM, T.M., 1985. Social Cognition Theory of Group Processes. In  X Mullen, B. & Goethals, G.R., Theories of Group Behaviour, SpringerVerlag, New York, p.147184.  Xy ROJEK, C., 1985. Capitalism and Leisure Theory. Tavistock Publications, London, U.K.  XM ROJEK, C., 1993. Leisure and Dedifferentiation. Society and Leisure, 16(1):1529.  X! ROSENBERG, A., 1988. Philosopy of Social Science, Dimensions of Philosophy Series, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.  X ROSS, L.; NISBETT, R.E., 1991. The Person and the Situation: Perspectives of Social  X! Psychology. Temple University Press, Philadelphia. RUDDELL, E.J. & GRAMANN, J.H., 1994. Goal Orientation, Norms and Noise Induced  X$ Conflict among Recreational Area Users. Leisure Sciences 16:93104. RUNGE, C.F., 1992. Common Property and Collective Action in Economic Development. In  XC' Bromley, D.W. (ed.), Making the Commons Work: Theory Practice and Policy, ICS Press, San Francisco, p.1739.  X* SARAH GERARD & ASSOCIATES, 1992. Mountain Biking on the Port Hills and  X* Christchurch Urban Area. A Draft Discussion and Proposals Document, May 1992, Christchurch City Council and Selwyn District Council. SCHERL, L.M., 1989. Self in Wilderness: Understanding the Psychological Benefits of-n/n/n/  X IndividualWilderness Interaction through SelfControl. Leisure Sciences 11:123135. SCHREYER, R., D.W. LIME, D.R. WILLIAMS, 1984. Characterising the Influence of Past  X Experience on Recreation Behaviour. Journal of Leisure research 16(1):3450.  X SCHREYER, R., 1990. Conflict in Outdoor Recreation. In: Social Science and Natural  X| Resource Management. J.Vining (ed.). Westview Press Boulder, Colorado. SCHREYER, R. & J.W. ROGGENBUCK 1978. The influence of Experience Expectation on  X9 Crowding Perceptions and SocialPsychological Carrying Capacities.  Leisure Sciences 1(4):373394. SCHWEIZER TOURISMUSVERBAND, 1991. Mountain Bicycling: Signalling Radical Change.  X STV Bulletin, 1:1314, in CAB Abstracts, 199091. SCOTT, D. & GODBEY, G.C., 1990. Reorienting Leisure Research the Case for Qualitative  X Methods. Society and Leisure 13(1):189205. SHELBY, B., 1980. Contrasting Recreational Experiences: Motors and Oars in the Grand  XY Canyon. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, May June, 129131. SHELBY, B., T.A.HEBERLEIN, J.J. VASKE, G. ALFANO, 1983. Expectations, preferences  X and Feeling Crowded in Recreational Activities. Leisure Sciences  6(1):113. SHELBY, B. & VASKE, J.J., 1991. Resource and Activity Substitutes for Recreational Salmon  X Fishing in New Zealand. Leisure Sciences 13:2132.  X SIMMONS, D. 1985. Integrating formal and informal research methods. Les Cahiers du  X Tourism. 44:2023. Centre des Haute Etudes Touristique. Provence, France. SIDAWAY, R. & THOMPSON, D., 1991. Upland Recreation: the Limits of Acceptable  XO Change. Ecos, 12(1):3139. SIMMONS, D.G. AND DEVLIN, P.J., 1982. The Recreational Hunter: Lake Sumner Forest  X  Park. Department of Horticulture, Landscape and Parks Bulletin 33 Lincoln College.  X SMITH, S.J., 1984. Practising Humanistic Geography. Annals of the Association of American  X! Geographers, 74(3):353374. SPRUNG, G., 1990. Kokopelli's Trail: It's What Volunteers with a Vision can Accomplish.  X$ Bicycling February:1920.  X\& STANKEY, G.H. & WOOD, J., 1982. The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum: an Introduction.   XE' Australian Parks and Recreation, February, p.513.  X) STOKOWSKI, P.A., 1994. Leisure in Society: a Network Structural Perspective. Tourism, Leisure and Recreation Series, Mansell Publishing Ltd., London, U.K. STOKOWSKI, P.A. & LEE, R.G., 1991. The Influence of Social Network Ties on Recreation  X, and Leisure: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Leisure Research 23(2):95113. -n/n/n/Ԍ X SUTTON, S., 1992. Kapiti Island: a Case Study in Social Impact Assessment (Setting the  X Limits). Unpublished M. Appl. Sci. Thesis, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, Lincoln University, New Zealand. The Christchurch Press, Monday 20th July, 1992. "Mountain bike report upsets".  Xz THE PRESS, 7th July, 1992, MountainBike Report Upsets, Christchurch, N.Z.  XN TILLET, G., 1991. Resolving Conflict: a Practical Approach. Sydney University Press, Australia. VIRDEN, R.J. & R. SCHREYER 1988. Recreation specialisation as an indicator of  X environmental preference.  Environment and Behaviour 20(6):721739.  X VOLLBON, T., 1990. Horse Riding in National Parks: a Management View. Australian Parks  X and Recreation 26(4):4547.  X WALDROP, M.M., 1992. Complexity: the Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos. Penguin Books, London, United Kingdom. WATSON, A.E., D.R. WILLIAMS, J.J. DAIGLE. 1991. Sources of Conflict Between Hikers  X- and Mountain Bike Riders in the Rattlesnake NRA.  Journal of Parks and Recreation  X Administration 9(3):5971.  X WEARING, B. & WEARING, S., 1992. Identity and the Commodification of Leisure. Leisure  X Studies 11:318. WILLIAMS, D.R., PATTERSON,M.E., ROGGENBUCK, J.W.& WATSON, A.E., 1992. beyond the Commodity Metaphor: Examining the Emotional and Symbolic Attachment to Place.  X} Leisure Sciences 14:2946.  XQ WORCHEL, S., COOPER, J. & GOETHALS, G., 1991. Understanding Social Psychology. Brooks/ Cole Publishing Company, Pacific Grove, California.