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A.  a7DocumentgDocument Style StyleyXX` ` (#` a3DocumentgDocument Style StyleB b  ?  1.  a1DocumentgDocument Style Style Xqq   l ^) I. ׃  29 Y7 7 8 B9a1Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers :`S@ I.  X(# a2Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers C @` A. ` ` (#` a3Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers L! ` ` @P 1. ` `  (# a4Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers Uj` `  @ a. ` (# 2Y=)::;<a5Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers_o` `  @h(1)  hh#(#h a6Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbersh` `  hh#@$(a) hh#((# a7Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumberspfJ` `  hh#(@*i) (h-(# a8Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersyW"3!` `  hh#(-@p/a) -pp2(#p 2G@=>??Tech InitInitialise Technical Style. k I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a) 1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Technicala5TechnicalTechnical Document Style)WD (1) . a6TechnicalTechnical Document Style)D (a) . a2TechnicalTechnical Document Style<6  ?  A.   2Cy@ AABa3TechnicalTechnical Document Style9Wg  2  1.   a4TechnicalTechnical Document Style8bv{ 2  a.   a1TechnicalTechnical Document StyleF!<  ?  I.   a7TechnicalTechnical Document Style(@D i) . 2I@CC/GHa8TechnicalTechnical Document Style(D a) . PleadingHeader for numbered pleading paperP@n   $] X X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:YJ 2p}wC 1G;`2p}wCJ>YJ 2p}wC zKW!C(kSAC\  PChP,p>4Ip2p}wC0L6NA92p}wC zt,Y5( gY\  PCP M7oC2+o\  PCXP N/xC8i:x2p}wCXDO1sC8.X:s2PkCXPP1sC88n:s2x(CXXQ7tC2J?t4  p(ACXDRq%V2*.䡬V2PkCPSs#Z2*-Z2p}wCTq%V2*8=V2x(CX6pC2[kp9 xICX>YJ 2p}wC 1G;`2p}wC    Њ    Figure 1  Figure 1 X01Í ÍX41Í Í INTRO Z0..  LIT1.REV  LIT2.REV Z0..  METHOD Z0..    INTRODUCTION!p!"M 1  1.1 Conflict! p!"M 1  1.2 MountainBiking! p!"M 3  1.3 The Research Area! p!"M 4  1.4 Research Objectives! p!"M 5  1.5 Thesis Organisation! p!"M 6 LITERATURE REVIEW!p!"M 7  2.1 Introduction! p!"M 7  2.2 General Conflict Perspectives! p!"M 8    2.2.1 Classical Views of Conflict! p!"M 9   h h  2.2.1.1 Marxism!h p!"M 9   h h  2.2.1.2 Feminism!h p!"M 10    2.2.2 Microsociological Approaches to Conflict! p!"M 11   h h  2.2.2.1 The Role of Meaning!h p!"M 11   h h HH#h h 2.2.2.1.1 Language as Meaning!Hp!"M 11   h h  2.2.2.2 Game Theory!h p!"M 12    2.2.3 Structurationist Perspectives and Complexity Theory! p!"M 16   h h  2.2.3.1 Complexity and Chaos in Social Systems!h p!"M 16    2.2.4 The Cycle of Conflict! p!"M 17    2.2.5 The Role of Conflict! p!"M 17    2.2.6 Conflict Broad and Narrow Definitions! p!"M 18    2.2.7 Section Summary! p!"M 20  2.3 Perspectives on Leisure! p!"M 21    2.3.1 Perceived Freedom! p!"M 21    2.3.2 Flow! p!"M 21   h h  2.3.2.1 Control!h p!"M 22    2.3.3 Response to Crowding! p!"M 23   h h  2.3.3.1 Motivations!h p!"M 23   h h  2.3.3.2 Expectations!h p!"M 23   h h  2.3.3.3 Preferences!h p!"M 24    2.3.4 Expectations, Motivations, Control and Freedom! p!"M 24    2.3.5 Section Summary! p!"M 24  2.4 Conflict in Recreational Settings! p!"M 25    2.4.1 Increasing Conflict in Recreation! p!"M 25    2.4.2 Situational Factors in Recreational Conflict! p!"M 26    2.4.3 Criticisms of Past Research! p!"M 27    2.4.4 Section Summary! p!"M 28  2.5 Conflict as Goal Interference! p!"M 29    2.5.1 Activity Style! p!"M 29   h h  2.5.1.1 Specialisation Theory!h p!"M 29    2.5.2 Environmental Relation! p!"M 31   h h  2.5.2.1 Sense of Place!h p!"M 31   h h  2.5.2.2 Place Attachment!h p!"M 32   h h  2.5.2.3 Behaviour Settings!h p!"M 33   h h  2.5.2.4 Scripts!h p!"M 33   h h  2.5.2.5 Schemes of Order!h p!"M 33   h h  2.5.2.6 Familiarity!h p!"M 34    2.5.3 Mode of Experience! p!"M 35    2.5.4 Tolerance of Lifestyle Diversity! p!"M 35-Z0..Ԍ   2.5.5 Comparing Conflict with Crowding! p!"M 36    2.5.6 Perceptions of Difference! p!"M 37    2.5.7 The Galtung Triangle! p!"M 37    2.5.8 Section Summary! p!"M 39  2.6 Conflict Between Bikers and Walkers! p!"M 40    2.6.1 OffRoad Biking Figures! p!"M 40   h h  2.6.1.1 Limitations of Biking Figures!h p!"M 40   h h  2.6.1.2 Estimates of OffRoad Biking in New Zealand!h p!"M 41    2.6.2 Attitudes and Perceptions! p!"M 42    2.6.3 The Political Arena! p!"M 43    2.6.4 Section Summary! p!"M 44  2.7 Chapter Summary! p!"M 44 METHODOLOGY!p!"M 47  3.1 Introduction! p!"M 47  3.2 Epistemology and Ontology! p!"M 47    3.2.1 A Humanist Framework! p!"M 48    3.2.2 Quantitative Methods! p!"M 50    3.2.3 Qualitative Methods! p!"M 52    3.2.4 Section Summary! p!"M 53  3.3 Data Collection! p!"M 53    3.3.1 In Depth Interviews! p!"M 54    3.3.2 Participant Observation! p!"M 57    3.3.3 Questionnaires! p!"M 58    3.3.4 Response Rate! p!"M 59  3.4 Data Analysis! p!"M 61    3.4.1 Analysing Questionnaire Data! p!"M 61    3.4.2 Analysing Qualitative Data! p!"M 61  3.5 Limitations! p!"M 62  3.6 Chapter Summary! p!"M 64 7Z0..  % Figure 1: The Prisoner's Dilemma (adapted from Axelrod, 1984:8)!p!"M 13  X Figure 2: Conceptual Model of Recreational Conflict (adapted from Bury et al. 1983:403).!p!"M 27 Figure 3: Tramper/ Hiker Specialisation (From Bryan, 1979:66)! p!"M 30 Figure 4: The Galtung Triangle (In Bercovitch, 1984:6).!p!"M 38 xZ0..  & Table I!p!"M 60